Tugas Softskill Bahasa Inggris Direct Indirect Speech and Exercise

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DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH




















A. Pengertian Direct Indirect Speech
Direct speech adalah suatu kalimat yang diucapkan secara langsung oleh 
pembicara yang dalampenulisannya disertai dengan tanda kutip di awal 
dan akhir kalimatnya sebagaimana teks dialog atau percakapan.
Example:
Irfan said,  “I am happy.”
Irfan berkata,  “Saya Bahagia.”
Sedangkan Indirect speech adalah suatu kalimat yang menggambarkan 
perkataan orang lain atau dirinya sendiri secara tidak langsung 
(tidak persis seperti yang dikatakan pada saat diucapkan). 
Seperti jika kita merubah contoh kalimat di atas maka indirect speechnya menjadi:
                                                                                                                                                          
Irfan said (that)  he was happy.
Irfan berkata bahwa dia bahagia.
Baik kalimat direct maupun indirect speech terdiri dari dua unsur yakni induk kalimat 
dan anak kalimat. Induk kalimat (introduce phrase) adalah seperti yang 
berwarna merah, sedangkan anak kalimat (reported words) adalah yang berwarna biru.



B. Aturan Perubahan Direct Indirect Speech

1. Tenses.
Perubahan tenses di bawah ini terjadi jika Induk kalimatnya berupa bentuk Past tense, 
sedangkan jika induk kalimatnya dalam bentuk present tense seperti contoh di atas, maka tidak ada perubahan.
No
DIRECT
INDIRECT
1
Simple Present
Simple past
2
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
3
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
4
Present Perfect Continous
Past Perfect Continous
5
Simple Past
Past Perfect
6
Past continuous
Past continuous
7
Past perfect
Past perfect
8
Past perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous
9
Simple Future
Past Future
10
Future Continuous
Past future continuous
11
Future Perfect
Past Future Perfect
12
Future Perfect Continuous
Past Future Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa juga untuk memermudah :

No
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
01
V1 (eat)
V2 (ate)
02
V2 (ate)
Had + V3 (had eaten)
03
Am/is/are
Was/were
04
Do/does
Did
05
Do/does not
Did not
06
Did not
Had not + V3
07
Was/were
Had been
08
Am/is/are + V-ing
Was/were + V-ing
09
Was/were +V-ing
Had been + V-ing
10
Has/have + V3
Had + V3
11
Will/shall/can/may/must
Would/should/could/might/had to
12
Could/might/should/would + V1/be
Could/might/should/would + have+ V3/been

2. Keterangan waktu dan tempat

No
DIRECT
INDIRECT
1
Now
Then
2
Tomorrow
The following day
3
Yesterday
The day before
4
Next week
The following week
5
Tonight/Today
That night/That day
6
Here
There
7
This
That
8
These
Those

3. Berdasarkan bentuk Kalimat

Bentuk dasar kalimat juga berpengaruh pada perubahan kalimat dari direct ke indirect speech. 
Bentuk dasar kalimat yang dimaksud adalah:
  1. Statement (pernyataan)
    Dalam Indirect Statement kita menggunakan kata “that”(bahwa) sebagai
    antara kalimat pengantar/induk kalimat (introduce phrase) dan kata-kata
    yang dilaporkan/anak kalimat (reported words). Kata yang biasa digunakan
    bukan hanya told dan said saja, melainkan bisa juga menggunakan: accused,
    admitted, advised, alleged, agreed, begged, boasted, complained, denied,
    explained, implied, invited, offered, ordered, promised, replied, suggested dll.
    Example:
    • She says : “I go to school everyday.”
      She says that she goes to school everyday
    • Andi told me: “I invite you to come to my party tonight”
      Andi told me that He invited me to come to his party that night
    • My sister said to me: “Papa warned me last night”
      My sister said to me that papa had warned her the night before.

  1. Command (perintah)
    Perintah berarti menyuruh untuk melakukan atau tidak melakukan (melarang)
    dengan kata jangan (don’t). Menyuruh untuk melakukan berarti bersifat positif,
    sedangkan melarang bersifat negatif (menggunakan don’t).
a.       Positif
Dalam perintah positif kita tambahkan to di depan kalimat perintahnya,
sebagai penghubung antara induk kalimat dan anak kalimat yang berupa kalimat perintah.
Contoh:
§  He asked  me: “Open your book”
He asked  me to open my book.
§  Novi aksed  me: “Stop talking to Bayu”.
Novi asked me to stop talking to Bayu.
b.      Negatif
Dalam  perintah negatif kita tambahkan not  to di depan perintah yang dilaporkan.
Contoh:
§  Cika told me : “Don’t wait for me’
Cika told me not to wait for her.
§  She told me, “don’t eat that meal”
He told me not to eat that meal

Question (pertanyaan)
Kalimat pertanyaan dibagi menjadi dua kategori:
a.   Pertanyaan yang menggunakan kata tanya (what, where, when, who, why, how),
maka kata tanya tersebutlah yang menjadi penghubung antara induk dan induk kalimat.
Contoh:
§  He asked me : “How will you go there ?”
He asked  me how I would go there
b.    Pertanyaan yang tidak menggunakan kata tanya dan jawabannya berupa yes atau  no.
Contoh:
§  The teacher asked  her : “Have you finish your homework ?”
The teacher asked  her  if  he had finished  her homework.

 

Exercise :
            1.                  Harry told “My mother was a doctor.”
                        He told me that his mother ________ a teacher
a. Had been
b.Has
c. Is
d.  Has been
Answer : A (Direct : Simple Past berubah menjadi Indirect : Past Perfect)
            2.                  Joni asked “Did Mira dinner with someone yesterday?”
a. He asked me if Mira had dinner with someone yesterday
b. He asked me if Mira has dinner with someone yesterday
c. He asked me if Mira had dinner with someone the day before
d. He asked me if Mira had to dinner with someone the day before
Answer : C (Direct speech berupa yes-no question dengan time refence “yesterday”  
  reference perlu dibah menjadi “the day before” atau “the previous day”

            3.                  Bubu told me “Don’t turn on the fan now.”
a. Bubu  told me don’t turn on the fan at that time
b. Bubu  told me didn’t turn on the fan at that time
c. Bubu  told me not to turn on the fan at that time
d. Bubu  told me don’t turn on the fan now
Answer : C (Kata don’t dalam direct speech berubah menjadi not to dalam indirect speech)
4.                  Teacher : Why was Jaka absent yesterday?
Lina       : What did the teacher want to know, Bryan?
Bryan    :  He wanted to know ____

a. If Jaka was absent            
b. Why Jaka had been absent
c. Why was Jaka absent
d. Why were been Jaka absent
   
 Answer : B (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirect   
                 berbentuk past perfect).

5.                  Mother   : Don’t be so noisy, Haris. The baby is sleeping.
Haris      : My mother told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
a. I wasn’t so noisy
b. Not to be noisy
c. Don’t be noisy
d. Didn’t be noisy
Answer : B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)

6.                  Moddie    : Did you know what Juliet said yesterday?
Viko         : Of course. She said ____ the previous day.

a. She had gone to her country           
b. She has gone to her country       
c. She will go to her country
d. She want go to her country

Answef : A ( Jika direct simple past, maka indirect harus menggunakan past perfect)

            7.                  Joko said “ I begin to understand the concept of  Economy.”

a. He asked me that he began to understand the concept of Economy.
b. He wanted to know if he began to understand the concept of Economy.
c. He said that he began to understand the concept of Economy.
d. He wants to know if he beginning to understabd the concept of Economy.

Jawaban : C ( Direct speech berupa statement (pernyataan) dengan verb simple present tense. 
Verb diubah menjadi simple past tense (penyampain berita fokus pada fakta bahwa pembicaraan 
merupakan past conversation).

            8.                  Louis told me  “Your bag has just left.”
a. He told me that your bag had just left.
b. He told me that my bag has just left.
c.  He told me that my bag had been left.
d. He told me that my bag had just left.

Answer  : D ( Verb present perfect tense disesuaikan menjadi past perfect tense ).

            9.                  Ani asked “Can I borrow your pen for a moment?”

                        a. She asked me whether she could borrow my pen for a moment.
b. She asked me if she can borrow my pen for a moment.
c. She asked me whether she can borrow my pen for a moment.
d. She asked me if she could borrow my pen for a moment.

Answer : A ( Modal verb “can” (present) disesuakan menjadi “could” (past))

            10.              My sister told me “ I love him very much “.
My sister told me that she __________ him very much.

a. Was loving
b.Loved
c. Would love
d. Was love

Answer : B ( kalimat  direct dalam bentuk simple present, maka indirect pun harus
              dalam bentuk simple past tense ).

            11.              My mother said “She have been here for a week.”

a. My mother said she had been there for a week.
b. My mother said we had been there for a week.
c. My mother said she had been here for a week.
d. My mother said she could there for a week.

Answer : A (“Here” pada direct speech diubah menjadi “there”.)

12.              She told me “I work for a Bank”
She told me that she _______ for a Bank.
a. Worked
b.Works
c. Had work
d. Had been work

Answer : A (Simple past berubah menjadi Past Perfect)

13.              She said “We are meeting at 8 o’clock.”
She said that _________ meeting at 8 o’clock.
a. They was
b. They are
c. They has
d. They were
 Answer : D (kalimat we are dalam indirect speech akan berubah menjadi they were)
 14.              He said “ I am writing letters.”
a. He said that he was writing letters
b. He said that he had writing letters
c. He said that he was write letters
d. He said that he will writing letters
 Answer : A (Simpe present dalam direct speech, akan diubah menjadi Past Perfect
               dalam indirect speech
 15.              John said, ‘‘I am very busy now.’’
a. John said that he was very busy now
b. John said that he had very busy then
c. John said that he was very busy then
d. John said that he had been very busy then
 Answer : C (kalimat now dalam direct speech diganti dengan then dalam indirect speech)
 16.              Dina asked “Where is the post office?”
 a. Dina asked where the post office was.
b. Dina asked where the post office then.
c. Dina asked where the post office had been.
d. Dina asked where the post office now.
 Answer : A (Kalimat pertanyaan is dalam direct speech diubah menjadi was dalam indirect speech).
 17.              He says, ‘’I am glad to be here this evening.’’
a.  He says that he is glad to be here this evening
b. He says that he was glad to be here this evening
c. He says that he had glad to be here this evening
d. He says that he had been glad to be here this evening
Answer : A (When the reporting verb is in the present tense, adverbs of time
              and place do not normally change in indirect speech.)
 18.              He said tome “I don’t believe you”
He said he _______  believe me.
a. Don’t
b. Wont
c. Can’t
d. Didn’t
 Answer : D (Don’t change be didn’t in indirect speech) simple past -> Past perfect
 19.              He said, ‘Will you listen to me?’
He asked me if I _______ listen to him.
a. want
b. would
c. can
d. could
 Answer : B (kalimat will change be would)
 20.              Yuni said “I can do this”
a. Yuni said that she can do that.
b. Yuni said that she cant do this
c. Yuni said that she can did it
d. Yuni said that she can like this
 Answer : A : (kalimat this change be that)

 


 

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